However, the challenges to be addressed for completion of the project are considerable. Thirdly the project will address the identification of novel medical resources, new routes to agricultural improvement, the identification of new biomaterials and strategies for enhanced environmental quality. The second goal considers conservation and strategies for the regeneration of biodiversity to develop a deeper understanding of the impact of climate change and human activities which will, in turn, facilitate evidence-based conservation. The three main project goals focus, firstly, on understanding evolutionary relationships between organisms and hence obtain insights into ecosystem composition, genome evolution and the acquisition of knowledge to accelerate the discovery of new species. The outcomes of the project will have the capacity to drive significant advances in agriculture, medicine and industry as the biological potential of sequences hidden within the world’s hugely diverse set of genomes is realised. The scale of the problem is highlighted by recent developments, for example, the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP) which is a highly ambitious 10 year project to sequence, catalogue and characterise the genomes of ‘all’ of the Earth’s eukaryotic biodiversity. The construction of whole chromosome assemblies from sequencing data is recognised as one of the most challenging problems in modern genomics.
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